改善腸道最佳益菌元素低聚寡糖-菊糖(文獻)四　　發表日期：2008/11/15 10:35 　　　　　　　　　回上頁

Bifidus stimulation. Perhaps the best-known nutritional effects of inulin and oligofructose are their actions to stimulate bifidobacteria growth in the intestine. The colon is known to be a complex ecosystem with >400 different types of bacteria. Some strains have pathogenic effects such as the production of toxins and carcinogens, whereas others are considered to provide a health-promoting function. Among those bacteria that are thought to promote health are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Nourishing beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, with inulin or oligofructose allows them to "outcompete" potential detrimental organisms and thereby potentially contribute to the health of the h host. Health benefits ascribed to Bifidobacteria include the following: inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, stimulating of components of the immune system and aiding the absorption of certain ions and the synthesis of B vitamins. The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose has been well proven (Bouhnik et al. 1994 , Djouzi and Andrieux 1997 , Gibson et al. 1995 , Gibson and Roberfroid 1995 , Hidaka et al. 1986 , Kleessen et al. 1994 , Menne et al. 1997 , Mitsuoka 1986 , Mitsukoa et al. 1987 , Roberfroid et al. 1998 , Sanno 1986 , Shimoyama et al. 1984 , Takahashi 1986 ). Dramatic positive shifts in the composition of microflora have been shown through in vivo human studies at doses between 5 and 20 g/d, generally over a 15-d period (Fig. 1 : Gibson et al. 1995 ), (Kleessen et al. 1994 , Menne et al. 1997 , Wang 1993 , Wang and Gibson 1993 ). The bifidogenic effects of different forms of inulin and oligofructose are bifidogenic independent of chain length or GFn and Fm type (Gibson et al. 1995 , Roberfroid et al. 1998 ). View larger version (45K): Figure 1. Shifts in the distribution of fecal microflora in humans provided a diet without and with supplemental inulin. Source: Gibson et al. (1995) . Inulin and oligofructose have been termed "prebiotics" (Gibson et al. 1995 ) because they are nondigestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate growth and/or activity of a number of potentially health-stimulating intestinal bacteria. They are often used in combination with "probiotics" or live bacteria that are added to the host's diet to promote health. The combinations of pre- and probiotics have synergistic effects, referred to as synbiotics, because in addition to the action of prebiotics that promote the growth of existing strains of beneficial bacteria in the colon, inulin and oligofructose also act to improve the survival, implantation and growth of newly added probiotic strains. The synbiotic health concept is being used by many European dairy drink and yogurt manufacturers in products such as Aktifit (Emmi, Switzerland), Probioplus (Migros, Switzerland), Symbalance (Tonilait, Switzerland), Proghurt (Ja Naturlich Naturprodukte, Austria), Fysiq (Mona, Netherlands), Vifit (Sudmilch/Stassano, Belgium, Germany, UK) and Fyos (Nutricia, Belgium) (Coussement 1997 ).